Earthquakes of December 28

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IIEES-HAT Accelerometer Sensor Received the 8th Level of TRL.

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IIEES-HAT Accelerometer Sensor was awarded the 8th level of TRL (Technology Readiness Level) in the “National Committee for Research and Technology” by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT). This title was awarded to IIEES-HAT sensor after conducting multiple examinations on the functionality and performance of the device, utilizing different industrial projects.

Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is an analytical measure to evaluate readiness and evolution of technology in development process of a product. TRL levels are defined in 9 categories in order to provide the description of the first idea of a product to its final version. This conceptual model consists of three main phases: 1. Applied Researches (formation and development of a theoretical concept) 2. Creating the prototype (development and validation of technology), and (3) Commercialization and investment to enter the market. The nine levels of readiness include:

– First level: Observation and report basic rules (principles of science and engineering).

– Second level: Formulating concepts and application of technology

– Third level: Analysis, and conceptual proof of main characteristics theoretically and empirically.

– Fourth level: Development of ingredients and samples in Laboratory

– Fifth level: Development of ingredients or samples in environment that is suitable to samples.

– Sixth level: Assessing performance in real conditions.

– Seventh level: Examining in real conditions, proving potential advantages in related fields widely, and commercialization for primary applicants.

– Eighth level: Real and comprehensive technology for experimentation and commercialization to enter the market.

– Ninth level: Successful, verified and repeatable development of real technology

Quchan Earthquake of 23 December 1871, Mw=7.2

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Quchan Earthquake of 23 December 1871, Mw=7.2

An earthquake with magnitude of Ms=7.2 occurred in Quchan on December 23, 1871. The epicenter of the earthquake was located in the north of Quchan in the coordination of 58.4E and 37.4N. In Atrak valley, about half of Quchan city consisting of schools, mosques and others buildings were destroyed. Fortunately, the death toll was a few since the people had felt some foreshocks before the large event. In the northwestern parts, Jafarabad, Esfanjir and other eight villages were totally destroyed. The earthquake was felt in far distances such as Mashhad and Tehran. A year later, on January 6, 1872, a powerful aftershock had occurred and completed the destructions. Aftershock sequences were lasted for four years.

The most important worldwide earthquakes (M>7) on this day

Date Time Y X Depth Mw Region Refrence
1871/12/23 – 37.40 58.40 – 7.2 Ghuchan Amb
1937/12/23 13:18:02 16.749 -98.359 25 7.4 Guerrero, Mexico USGS
1978/12/23 11:23:12 23.247 122.075 33 7 Taiwan region USGS

 

Qumis (Damghan) Earthquake of 22 December 856, Mw=7.9

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Qumis (Damghan) Earthquake of 22 December 856, Mw=7.9

The 856 Damghan earthquake or the 856 Qumis earthquake occurred on 22 December, 856 AD (242 A.H.) with an estimated magnitude of Ms=7.9. The meizoseismal area (area of maximum damage) extended for about 350 kilometers along the southern edge of the eastern Alborz mountains of present-day Iran including parts of Tabaristan and Gorgan. The earthquake’s epicenter is estimated to be close to the city of Damghan with coordination of 36.2°N and 54.3°E, which was then the capital of the Persian province of Qumis. The total death toll for the earthquake is reported as 200,000, with 45,096 casualties in Damghan alone. It caused approximately 200,000 deaths and is listed by the USGS as the sixth deadliest earthquake in recorded history. Aftershocks affected the area for several years, probably including a damaging earthquake in western Khurasan. The area of significant damage extended along the Alborz for about 350 kilometres, including the towns of Ahevanu, Astan, Tash, Bastam and Shahrud, with almost all the villages in the area severely damaged. Hecatompylos, now called Šahr-e Qumis, the former capital of Parthia, was destroyed. Half of Damghan and a third of the town of Bustam were also destroyed. The earthquake badly affected water supplies in the Qumis area, partly due to springs and qanats drying up, but also because of landslides damming streams. (Ambraseys and Melville, 2005).

The most important worldwide earthquakes (M>7) on this day

Date Time Y X Depth Mw Region Refrence
856/12/22 – 36.20 54.30 – 7.8 Ghumas Amb
1906/12/22 18:21:11 44.284 85.572 15 7.8 northern Xinjiang, China USGS
1964/12/22 4:36:35 28.12 56.8 42 6.1  Iran Amb
1997/12/22 2:05:50 -5.495 147.867 179.3 7.2 eastern New Guinea region, Papua New Guinea USGS

 

Salafchegan, Qom Earthquake of 19 December 1980, Mw=6.2

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Salafchegan, Qom Earthquake of 19 December 1980, Mw=6.2

An earthquake of magnitude Mw=6.2, mb=5.6 and Ms=5.8 occurred in Salafchegan, Qom province of Iran on Dec. 19, 1980, at 04:47 in local time. The epicenter of the earthquake was located at 34.587°N and 50.652°E, 145 km southwest of Tehran with focal depth of about 33 km. The earthquake is likely to be triggered by the Indes fault rupture which caused 26 death.

The most important worldwide earthquakes (M>7) on this day

Date Time Y X Depth Mw Region Refrence
1862/12/19 – 39.30 47.80 – 6.1 Iran Amb
1928/12/19 11:37:18 6.753 124.178 25 7.4 Mindanao, Philippines USGS
1938/12/19 18:56:10 36.23 57.96 0 5.82  Iran AMB
1977/12/19 23:34:40 30.93 56.48 31 5.9 Gisk (Baabtangal, Zarand) Amb
1980/12/19 1:16:60 34.587 50.652 33 6.2  Iran NEIC
1981/12/19 14:10:51 39.243 25.227 10 7.2 Aegean Sea USGS
1982/12/19 19:40:50 30.574 57.524 40 5.3  Iran NEIC