Vol. 6, No. 2 – Summer 2004
Special Issue on Bam EarthquakeVolume 5: No. 4 (Winter 2004) – Volume 6: No. 1 (Spring 2004)
Editorial Summary: Bam Earthquake of 05:26:26 of 26 December 2003, Ms6.5
M. Ghafory-Ashtiany
The Magnitude Ms = 6.5 earthquake of 26th December 2003 occurred at early morning (05:26:26 local time) along Bam fault with no recorded of any major earthquake, at least, approximately in past 2500 years; and while many residents of the Bam historical city were still sleeping. The traditional mud-brick and clay homes put up little resistance to the violent shaking, and as walls and roofs crumbled and collapsed; more than 100,000 of victims were trapped beneath the rubble and from them around 26,500 lost their lives. Close to 11,000 of the city’s students perished, along with one to five of Bam’s 5,400 teachers. Tens of thousands were left homeless and up to 6,000 children were orphaned. Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel), the largest mud-brick complex in the world and other historical buildings were almost totally destroyed. Bam earthquake not only shook the heart and mind of the Iranian, but the world and created on the biggest human solidarity. This earthquake have created a new initiative in Iran’s risk reduction program and consequently provides a unique window of opportunity to raise international awareness of the importance of the effective implementation of a comprehensive earthquake risk reduction program in hazard-prone countries.
Full Paper
Vol. 5, No. 3- Fall 2003
JSEE
Editor-in-Chief:
- Abbas Ali Tasnimi, IIEES President,Tehran, I.R.Iran
Tasnimi@iiees.ac.irAssociate Editors:
- Mehdi Zare, IIEES, Tehran, I.R.Iran
mzare@iiees.ac.ir- Giuliano F. Panza, The Abdus Salam Int. Center for Theoretical hysics (ICTP), University of Trieste, Italy
Panza@dst.univ.trieste.itExecutive Director:
- Yasamin Ostovar Izadkhah, IIEESIzad@iiees.ac.ir
Staff:
- Maryam Khaledi, IIEES
- Mohammad Eslami, IIEES
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Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering is a quarterly journal that provides a forum for the publication of original papers in five general areas of Structural Earthquake Engineering, Seismology, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Seismotectonics, and Risk Management. The editor’s policy is to include at least one paper on each of the aforementioned topics as well as providing a balance between theoretic and design oriented contributions in each journal issue.
- Types of contributions are research papers, technical notes and discussions.
- Three copies should be provided in double spaced typing on pages of uniform size, with a wide margin on the left.
- Generally, the size of the manuscript should not exceed 7500 words for papers, 3500 words for technical notes and 1500 words for discussions.
- Each paper should be provided with an abstract of about 150-200 words, reporting concisely on the purpose and results of the paper.
- The SI system should be used for all scientific and laboratory data; if in certain instances, it is necessary to quote other units, these should be added in parentheses.
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- Mathematical expressions and equations should be clearly printed. Particular care should be used in identifying unusual symbols or notations and to upper or lower case letters. Awkward mathematical notations and nonstandard symbols should be avoided.
- References to published work should be numbered sequentially in order of citation and given in the text by a numeral within brackets, with a reference list, in numerical order at the end of the paper. Some examples are given below:
Books
5. Berberian, M. (1995). “Natural Hazard and the First Earthquake Catalogue of Iran. Vol. I.. Historical Hazards in Iran Prior to J 990 “. IIEES, Tehran, IranReports
10. KaYllia, A.M. (1993). “Stochastic Response of Pile Foundations”, IIEES Report No. 72-93-2. International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran.Journal Articles
12. Miller, R.K., Masri, S.F., Dehghanyar, T.J., and Caughey, T.K. (1988). “Active Control of Large Civil Structures” ,J. Engr: Mech., ASCE, 114(3), 1542-1570.
SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
For papers produced use a well-known word processor, preferably Word 2003 or please submit a CD with the final revised version of the manuscript. The file on CD should correspond exactly to the hard copy. If the CD and the paper copy differ, the paper copy will be treated as the accepted version. The preferred medium for CD submittal is in PC-Windows environment. Illustrations may be submitted in the required form, provided that the file format and the program used to produce them is clearly indicated and a hard copy is also supplied.
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The original and two copies of each illustration, which may be of reduced size should be provided. Line drawings may be submitted in any medium provided that the image is black and very sharp. They should preferably require the same degree of reduction; large diagrams, more than four times the final size, are discouraged due to handling difficulties. Lettering should be large enough to be legible after reduction of the illustration to fit (ideally 7pt. lettering after reduction). Photographs should be submitted as contrasting black and white prints on glossy paper. The illustration can also be given in a diskette. Each illustration must be clearly numbered and the name (s) of the author (s) of the paper written on the reverse side.
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The author (or the selected author where several are included) will receive a set of proofs for checking. No new material may be inserted in the text at the time of proof-reading unless accepted by the editors. All joint communications must indicate the name and full postal address of the author to whom proofs should be sent.
Vol. 5, No. 2- Summer 2003
In this study at the first step, the database of two temporary networks of International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) and Institute of Geophysics of Tehran University (IGTU), which deployed independently after the Ghaen-Birjand earthquake, were merged. Based on the new database, focal mechanisms of some larger aftershocks were obtained and crustal model of eastern Iran [3] modified for the epicentral area of Ghaen-Birjand earthquake and its aftershocks. The Vp/Vs ratio is inferred as 1.85 for the region covered by the temporary seismic networks. After relocation of more than two hundred events, it was cleared that at least three of the largest aftershocks were estimated to be located with a precision corresponding to error ellipsoid axes within 5 to 10 km (Ground Truth level of 5 to 10).
Vol. 5, No. 1- Spring 2003
Seismic Assessment of Evin-Valley Bridge by 3-D Inelastic Dynamic Analysis
Fakhredin Danesh and Iraj Rahimi
Major damage was observed mostly in the older bridge structures in the Northridge (1994), Kobe (1995) and Taiwan (1999) earthquakes. The most extensive damage included flexural/shear failure of substructure members and superstructure unseating at simple supports or expansion joints. In general, similar types of damages demonstrate a similar nature in view of the seismic behavior of older bridge design in all three earthquakes. As modern bridges have not been significantly affected during the recent ground motions, no reliable judgment could be made on the seismic performance of modern bridges structures.The seismic performance of Evin-Valley Bridge, a newly built slab-on-girder bridge is investigated analytically at the damage control limit state. A 3-D model of the bridge was built in DRAIN 3DX computer programme using a fiber-section beam-column element to represent inelastic behavior of RC substructure members. Elastomeric bearing pads, shear keys, expansion joints and the abutment backwalls were included in modeling of cyclic behavior of each component. The superstructure girder-beams were assumed to remain elastic and compressive elastic springs were used to represent the soil effect. A free vibration analysis of the multiple-part structure, assuming open gaps and expansion joints, showed the combined influence of a broad number of modes of vibration in dynamic response of the bridge. However, since the gaps are predicted to frequently close and reopen under earthquake forces, such results should not be relied on predicting of the seismic response. The results obtained from dynamic analyses using the Naghan (1977), the Northridge (1994) and the Kobe (1995) acceleration records show that the seismic demand values in the substructure elements are much less than the existing member capacities. The results also indicate that the dynamic response values are not comparable with the earthquake demands obtained from the equivalent static method and a large difference is observed between the results of two methods.
Vol. 4, No. 2&3 – Summer & Fall 2002
Focal Depths of Moderate and Large Size Earthquakes in Iran
A. Maggi, K. Priestley, and J. Jackson
Accurate focal depth estimates are essential for the correct interpretation of seismicity data in terms of regional tectonics and earthquake hazard assessment. Published global earthquake catalogues are a common source of focal depth information, but how accurate are they? We compare estimates of focal depths from the Harvard CMT catalogue and the Engdahl et al [8] relocations of the ISC catalogue with those determined by teleseismic waveform inversion methods, and find that the catalogues can be in error by up to 60km.
Vol. 4, No. 1- Spring 2002
Vol. 3, No. 1- Summer 2001
Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment for North Morocco
F. Vaccari, B. Tadili, A. El Qadi, M. Ramdani, L. Ait Brahim and M. Limouri
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the regional seismic hazard for Morocco, following the deterministic approach proposed by Costa et al [1], based on the computation of complete P-SV and SH synthetic seismograms. The input for the computations is represented by source and structural models. Seismic sources are parameterized using the knowledge about past seismicity and the tectonic regime. The regional structural model we adopted is the one proposed by Cherkaoui [2], modified in its shallower part to account for the effects of the uppermost sedimentary layers. Maps of peak acceleration, velocity, and displace-ments are used for the general representation of the hazard. Accelerations are in good agreement with the values determined by Jimenez et al [3] with the standard probabilistic approach.